IVF Process
Usually, the ovaries release one egg per cycle. For IVF, we want the ovaries to grow many eggs, so we use a very controlled sequence of hormone injections to cause this to happen. We monitor the growth of the follicles in the ovaries (pockets of fluid where eggs mature) with ultrasounds and blood estrogen levels while you are taking the injections. Once the follicles and eggs are ready, you stop the hormone medication and use a different medication help the eggs go through their final steps of growth. Egg retrieval is done about 35 hours after this medication, before your ovaries have a chance to ovulate the eggs on their own.
The egg retrieval procedure is done in our office’s procedure suite. You will have some anesthesia and pain medication so that you are comfortable for the procedure. The procedure is done vaginally and with ultrasound so that we can see your ovaries. All eggs removed will be immediately evaluated by the IVF embryologists.
Normal appearing eggs are fertilized that day with sperm (frozen, de-identified donor, or a sample collected from the male partner that day). We use two methods of fertilization: traditional and ICSI. For traditional fertilization, the embryologist places a few thousand normal appearing sperm with the eggs and allows the usual fertilization process to happen, the same as it would if the eggs were being fertilized inside the Fallopian tubes. For ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection), the embryologist selects single normal appearing sperm and uses a very small glass needle to inject one sperm per egg.
ICSI is often used if there are very few sperm or another sperm issue, or there is concern that a fertilization problem may be contributing to fertility problems.
The eggs are checked the next day to see if they fertilized completely, and then embryos are monitored for growth.
The day following insemination, eggs are checked to determine if fertilization has occurred. Any fertilized eggs are watched for 5-6 days; there is a very well established growth rate for embryos, and any embryos that have grown normally can be frozen on the fifth day or used for an embryo transfer immediately.