myFirst Aid | Vomiting | Community Health Network

Vomiting
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First Aid - Shock

Definition

Vomiting is the forceful emptying (throwing up) of a large portion of the stomach's contents through the mouth
Nausea and abdominal discomfort usually precede each bout of vomiting

Causes

Main cause: stomach infection (gastritis) from a stomach virus (e.g., Rotavirus). The illness starts with vomiting but diarrhea usually follows within 12-24 hours.
If vomiting persists as an isolated symptom (without diarrhea) for more than 24 hours, more serious causes must be considered.

Severity of Vomiting

The following is an arbitrary attempt to classify vomiting by risk for dehydration:

MILD: 1 - 4 times/day
MODERATE: 5 - 10 times/day
SEVERE: Vomits everything or nearly everything
Severity relates even more to the length of time that the particular severity level has persisted. At the beginning of a vomiting illness (especially following food poisoning), it's common for a child to vomit everything for 3 or 4 hours and then become stable with mild or moderate vomiting.

Return to School

Your child can return to day care or school after vomiting and fever are gone.

If not, see these topics

Vomiting only occurs while coughing, see COUGH
Child under 1 year old and spitting (reflux), see SPITTING UP
Diarrhea is the main symptom, see DIARRHEA

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When to Call Your Doctor

	Call 911 Now (your child may need an ambulance) If
	Unresponsive or difficult to awaken Not moving or too weak to stand
	Call Your Doctor Now (night or day) If
	Your child looks or acts very sick Confused (delirious) Stiff neck or bulging soft spot Headache You suspect poisoning with a plant, medicine, or other chemical Signs of dehydration (e.g., very dry mouth, no tears and no urine in more than 8 hours) Blood in the vomit that's not from a nosebleed Bile (bright yellow or green) in the vomit Abdominal pain is also present (EXCEPTION: abdominal pain or crying just before and improved by vomiting is quite common) Fever over 104Â° F (40Â° C) and not improved 2 hours after fever medicine Age under 12 weeks with fever above 100.4Â° F (38.0Â° C) rectally (Caution: Do NOT give your baby any fever medicine before being seen.) Age under 12 weeks with vomiting 2 or more times (EXCEPTION: spitting up) Age under 12 months old who has vomited Pedialyte (or other brand of ORS) 3 or more times and also has watery diarrhea Receiving Pedialyte (or clear fluids if age over 1 year old) and vomits everything over 8 hours High-risk child (e.g., diabetes mellitus, abdominal injury, head injury) Vomiting an essential medicine
	Call Your Doctor Within 24 Hours (between 9 am and 4 pm) If
	You think your child needs to be seen Has vomited over 24 hours Fever present for more than 3 days
	Call Your Doctor During Weekday Office Hours If
	You have other questions or concerns Vomiting is a recurrent chronic problem
	Parent Care at Home If
	Mild vomiting (probably viral gastritis) and you don't think your child needs to be seen

Symptom
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HOME CARE ADVICE FOR VOMITING

Reassurance:
- Most vomiting is caused by a viral infection of the stomach or mild food poisoning.
- Vomiting is the body's way of protecting the lower GI tract.
- Fortunately, vomiting illnesses are usually brief.
For Bottlefed Infants Offer Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) for 8 Hours:
- ORS (eg. Pedialyte or the store brand) is a special electrolyte solution that can prevent dehydration. It's readily available in supermarkets and drug stores
- For vomiting 1 or 2 times, offer Â½ strength formula for 2 feedings, then regular formula.
- For vomiting over 2 times, offer ORS for 8 hours. If ORS not available, use formula. Spoon or syringe feed small amounts: 1-2 teaspoons (5-10 ml) every 5 minutes.
- After 4 hours without vomiting, increase the amount.
- After 8 hours without vomiting, return to regular formula.
- For infants over 4 months old, also return to cereal, strained bananas, etc.
- Normal diet OK in 24-48 hours.
For Breastfed Infants, Reduce the Amount Per Feeding:
- If vomits once or twice, nurse 1 side every 1 to 2 hours.
- If vomits over 2 times, nurse for 4 to 5 minutes every 30 to 60 minutes.
- If continues to vomit, switch to ORS for 4 hours.
- Spoon or syringe feed small amounts of ORS: 1-2 teaspoons (5-10 ml) every 5 minutes.
- After 4 hours of ORS, return to regular breastfeeding. Start with small feedings of 5 minutes every 30 minutes and increase as tolerated.
For Older Children (over 1 Year Old) Offer Small Amounts of Clear Fluids For 8 Hours:
- Water or ice chips are best for vomiting in older children. (Reason: Water is directly absorbed across the stomach wall)
- EXCEPTION: also has diarrhea. ORS: Vomiting with watery diarrhea needs ORS. If refuses ORS, use Â½ strength Gatorade.
- Give small amounts: 2-3 teaspoons (10-15 ml) every 5 minutes.
- Other options: Â½ strength flat lemon-lime soda, popsicles or ORS frozen pops.
- After 4 hours without vomiting, increase the amount.
- After 8 hours without vomiting, add solids:
  - Limit solids to bland foods for 24 hours.
  - Start with saltine crackers, white bread, cereals, rice, mashed potatoes, etc.
  - Normal diet OK in 24-48 hours.
Avoid Medicines:
- Discontinue all nonessential medicines for 8 hours (reason: usually make vomiting worse).
- Fever: Fevers usually don't need any medicine. For higher fevers, consider acetaminophen (Tylenol) suppositories. Never give oral ibuprofen; it is a stomach irritant.
- Call your doctor if: vomiting an essential medicine.
Sleep: Help your child go to sleep for a few hours. (Reason: Sleep often empties the stomach and relieves the need to vomit). Your child doesn't have to drink anything if he feels very nauseated.
Contagiousness: Your child can return to day care or school after vomiting and fever are gone.
Expected Course: Vomiting from viral gastritis usually stops in 12 to 24 hours. If diarrhea is present, it usually continues for several days.
Call Your Doctor If:
- Vomiting becomes severe (vomits everything) over 8 hours
- Vomiting persists over 24 hours
- Signs of dehydration
- Your child becomes worse

And remember, contact your doctor if your child develops any of the "Call Your Doctor" symptoms.

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Disclaimer: This information is not intended be a substitute for professional medical advice. It is provided for educational purposes only. You assume full responsibility for how you choose to use this information.

Author and Senior Reviewer: Barton D. Schmitt, M.D.

Last Reviewed: 1/19/2009

Last Revised: 6/24/2008

Content Set: Pediatric HouseCalls Online